Map of Rome

Map of Rome

 

Rome - the capital of Italy, the administrative center of the province of Rome and the Lazio region . Situated on the River Tiber.

 

Rome - one of the oldest cities in the world , the ancient capital of the Roman Empire. Even in antiquity (III century BC. E . ) Rome were often called Eternal (Latin: Roma Aeterna).

 

One of the first so- called Rome Roman poet Tibullus albite (I century BC. E . ) In his second elegy . Notions of " eternity" of Rome is largely preserved after the fall of the Roman civilization , bringing the appropriate epithet in modern languages ​​.

 

Rome is also called the "city of seven hills ." Originally settlements were located on the Palatine hill , were subsequently settled the nearby hills : the Capitol and the Quirinal . Somewhat later settlements appeared on the last four hills ( Tselie , Aventine , Esquiline and Viminale ) .

 

Rome was founded on the left bank of the Tiber River , 25 km from the Tyrrhenian Sea , and almost the same distance from the Apennines mountain range , in a valley that descends from the Apennines to the sea.
Unlike most European cities, the urban area is only about a quarter of the area inside the city limits.
Rome subtropical Mediterranean climate . Maximum rainfall occurs in winter, summer rainfall is relatively rare. Climatological winter ( that is, the period when the average daily temperature is kept stable below zero ) none, in the winter months the temperature is usually kept in the range of 5-10 degrees. The climate is characterized by a very long and hot summers , and mild, rainy winters. In winter, frosts and snowfalls are rare, and in summer temperatures can exceed 40 degrees.

Map of Vatican

Map of Vatican

 

Vatican City - State dwarf enclave ( the smallest country in the world) within the territory of Rome , associated with Italy.

 

State got its name from the name of the hill Mons Vaticanus, from Latin vaticinia - « a place of divination ." Vatican status in international law - support the sovereign territory of the Holy See , the seat of the supreme spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.

 

The sovereignty of the Vatican is not an independent ( national ), and derives from the sovereignty of the Holy See. In other words , its source - not the population of the Vatican , namely the papal throne.

 

The diplomatic missions of foreign countries accredited to the Holy See , and not in the city -state of Vatican City . Foreign embassies and missions accredited to the Holy See , the Vatican because of the small , located in Rome (including the Embassy of Italy, which , therefore, is in its own capital ) .

 

The Holy See ( Vatican City is not ) is a permanent observer at the UN since 1964 , working with the organization since 1957 . In July 2004, the rights of the Holy See Mission to the UN, have been expanded . In addition, in August 2008 the Vatican began a collaboration with Interpol on an ongoing basis.
The Vatican is on the Vatican Hill in the north- western part of Rome , a few hundred meters from Tibra . On all sides the Vatican surrounded by Italian territory , the total length of the border is 3.2 kilometers . In addition, the Lateran Treaty was given some Vatican extraterritoriality (some of the Basilica , and diotsezialny curial offices and Castel Gandolfo ) . The border is basically the same with a defensive wall, built to prevent illegal crossings . Before St. Peter's boundary is the edge of the oval-shaped area (marked with white stones in a paved area ) .

Map of Naples

Map of Naples

 

Naples - a city in Italy and the capital of the Campania Region and the Province of Naples . Located in the Bay of Naples Bay.
Naples - the third largest city in Italy ( after Rome and Milan ), and the largest city in the South of Italy with a population of about one million people ( including suburbs - about three million ) .

 

A major transport hub ( airport , sea port). Along with the official Italian colloquially locals spread the Neapolitan dialect . The patron saint of the city of St.. Januarius , whose feast day is celebrated on September 19 as a celebration of the city.
It is located in a seismic zone (the historical part - on the western slope of Mount Vesuvius ) . The last eruption of Vesuvius occurred in 1944. The last catastrophic earthquake happened in Naples in 1980 .

 

To the east of Naples, Pompeii and Herculaneum are - the ancient city on the shore of the Bay of Naples destroyed by the eruption of Vesuvius 79th year. Ashes buried the cities and kept unchanged to this day. Every year in the area being excavated , archaeologists who bring all new discoveries. In early November, the dig site are available to all. All found items carefully restored and exhibited in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples .
40 km north of Naples, the Royal Palace of Caserta , one of the largest in Europe.

 

The beauty of Naples in the XVIII century. proverbial. Catch phrase "see Naples and die " (Italian vedi Napoli e poi muori) was the inspiration for the creation of such phrases in relation to many other world-class attractions . Among the best known are the current interest
The National Museum and the National Art Gallery. Located in the Palazzo di Capodimonte (Italian: Palazzo Capodimonte), the summer residence ( palace ) Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
National Archaeological Museum of Naples - a museum that contains (among other artifacts ) finds from Pompeii and Herculaneum and scandalously famous secret service.
Teatro San Carlo - the largest (by tonnage ) in Italian opera .
Castel del Ovo (Italian Castel dell'Ovo; letters. Lock eggs, egg castle < later> name plays with unusual architecture ) - the castle of the XII century. , Built by Roger II of Sicily on the island in the Tyrrhenian Sea , in the Bay of Naples Bay.
Castel Nuovo (Italian: Castel Nuovo; letters. New castle , other local name - Maschio Angioino (Italian Maschio Angioino) - Castle built by King Charles of Anjou in the XIII century. At the seaside .
Catacombs of San Gaudioso (Italian: San Gaudioso; also Catacombs of San Gennaro , the catacombs of San Severo ) - Christian catacombs from the Late Antique and medieval mosaics. Located in the northern part of Naples .

Map of Palermo

Map of Palermo

 

Palermo - the main city of the Italian region of Sicily , the administrative center of the homonymous province . Population - 659.623 people.
The patron saint of the city is St.. Rosalia . City Festival - July 15.

 

Palermo (Latin Panormus) was founded by the Phoenicians called Cyc ( in Phoenician - "flower" ) in 754 BC. e . , but his name Panormos - always available Harbor received from the Greeks , in the First Punic War there was a main parking lot Carthaginian fleet.

 

The Romans took the city in 254 BC. e . , gave him the right to the municipality , and in the time of Augustus made ​​the city a colony (Colonia Augusta Panormitanorum).

 

 In 515, the fairly desolate at the time of Roman rule Palermo was occupied by the Goths , in the year 535 Belisarius recaptured their northern coast of Sicily. In the year 831 ended up in the hands of the Saracens , and since then has become an important trading center of Sicily. Most of the population were Greeks , Jews and Arabs, who had been trading with North Africa .

 

In 1072 the Norman conqueror Robert Guiscard captured Palermo , and his descendant , Roger II made ​​it the capital of the kingdom of Sicily . When the Hohenstaufen in Palermo was in full swing brilliant court life , especially under Frederick II, who moved here from Germany all the imperial court . After the death of his son Frederick II of Benevento , Manfred ( 1266 ), Charles of Anjou took possession of Palermo , the French , however, could not last long in Sicily. Vengeful Sicilian people have not forgotten penalty Conradin , with the suburbs of Palermo began the famous Sicilian Vespers ( 1282 ) , which led to the extermination of all the French people on the island.
The climate is Mediterranean . The coldest month is February, and warm - August. Since Palermo is completely surrounded by the sea, winter is warmer than the coastal areas of continents and sweltering summers and wet , but a little less hot.
The warmest month is August . Due to the overall ambience of the sea in Palermo summer lasts until the beginning of December, and December warmer March and again summer comes only from the second half of April.

Map of Cagliari

Map of Cagliari

 

Cagliari - a town in the Italian region of Sardinia , the administrative center of the province.
The patron saint of the city is Saturnino . City Festival on October 30.

 

In the middle of the IX century Byzantium lost power over Sardinia . On the island there were four independent communities, from north to south - Gallura Logudoro , Arborea and Kalaris , or Cagliari . At the head of communities were the judges . First information about these communities appear in a document of Pope Leo IV from 851 the year.

 

The city itself is in decline Cagliari . Some residents have left the city , founding the settlement of Santa iya west of Cagliari, destroyed in 1257 pizantsy .

 

Then the king signed in Genoa Unity Act , according to which the Sardinian abolished customs barriers to the island spreading the civil and criminal code of Piedmont and the title of viceroy of Sardinia was declared abolished . In the course of the unification of Italy (1859-1870) Sardinia became part of a unified kingdom.

 

On March 1, 2008 in Cagliari tram operates.

Map of Oslo

Map of Oslo

 

According to Norse legends Oslo was founded around 1048 by King Harald III. However, recently there have been found by archaeologists Christian burial dating to the period before 1000 .

 

At the end of the thirteenth century to 1380 Oslo - Norwegian residence of kings, and from 1572 - Danish Administration Centre in Norway.
In 1624 the town was burned to the ground .

 

Located on the Bay of Oslo Fjord Oslo is Norway's main port . Since 1998, open Gardermoen International Airport is 45 km from the center of Oslo , connected with the city high-speed rail link Flytoget.

 

From 1898 to Oslo is a network of urban railways (Westbanen). In 1966 opened subway ( T- bath ). In the 1990s there was a connection of the two systems of urban rail transport. Most of the subway runs along the surface, and one of the lines rising to hills in north-west of Oslo to a height of 469 meters

 

In Oslo developed system of public transport. Within the city there is a network of trams , T- bath , buses, trains and boats / ferries to nearby islands in the fjord and the museum peninsula Bihdey .

 

System governed by public transport from the center (Oslo Sporveier) and provides a unified fare - one ticket allows you to move around the city for hours with unlimited transfers between modes.

 

 Suburban and unified within Sturoslo Lokaltrafik (Storoslo Lokaltrafik, SL). Payment is based on the number of zones that cover the trip.

Map of Trondheim

Map of Trondheim

 

Trondheim - the third most populous city in Norway , located at the mouth of the river on the bank Nidelven Trondheim fjord. The administrative center of Sør- Trøndelag county . The population density is 480 inhabitants per 1 km ².

 

The old name of the city - Nidaros , which means " the mouth of Nida ." In the late Middle Ages, the city name was changed to Trondheim , which means " house of the strong" , and the name has been a staple in the Danish period.

 

Industrial development of the city spurred the arrival in 1877 in these parts of the railway to Oslo. Currently, Trondheim and Bodø railway line connects the Nordland Line.

 

Public transport : tram and bus. The tram system in Trondheim at the close of Arkhangelsk tram in 2004 - the most northern tram system in the world . The tram line is 8.8 km long passes from the center of the city (St.Olavs gt.) To recreational Lian.

 

Church at the burial site of St.. Olaf ( 1075 ) was in XII-XIV century replaced the existing Nidarusskim cathedral - the most significant monument of the Norwegian Gothic. Cathedral repeatedly refresh , the last renovation was completed in 2001 . The cathedral is traditionally held the coronation of Norwegian monarchs.
The fortified monastery on the island Munkholmen - the oldest monastery of Norway , during the Danish rule served as an impregnable prison.
Danish Kristiansten Fortress ( 1681-1685 ) .
Wood royal residence (1774-1778) and the Archbishop's Palace stone (XVI century).
In Trondheim in 1760 based Norwegian Academy of Sciences .
Ringve Museum - National Museum of music and musical instruments from around the world.
house of Rock

Map of Bergen

Map of Bergen

 

Bergen - the city on the South. SW. Norway. 247.746 ths same. (2008).

 

Great port, located on the B-fjord. Shipbuilding., Address You can build., Textile indu-ty. An important center of fishing and fish exports. Institutes: meteorological, biological and fishing. Flyeslyand Airport (40 minutes drive from the city center) with daily connections to Oslo, Stavanger, Amsterdam, Copenhagen those other cities.

 

The city is divided into several sections, including: Fana with Nesttun and Midtun, Osan (literally Hills), Indre Arna, Utre Arna, Fillinhsdalen, Loddef'yurd, Paradis and others.

 

Bergen is surrounded by several mountains, including the highest mountain Ulriken, ca. 800 m Other Mountains: Lovstakken, Floyen.

 

The city was founded by the Norwegian King Olav Kyurre or calm (1050-1093), son of King Harald Hardrode.
In Bergen there are several museums. The most important:
Hokonshallen (residence of Norwegian kings) and Tower Rozenkrantstornet
Museum of the Hanseatic League
House museum of Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg
Leprosy Museum
House Museum violinist Ole Bull on the island Lisoyen...

Map of Reykjavik

Map of Reykjavik

 

Reykjavik - capital and principal city of Iceland, with a population of about 170,000 inhabitants, which is half of the population of the whole island.

 

Reykjavik is located in the south-west of the country, Reyk'yanes peninsula, much of which is covered by frozen lava with slits, chest, and vulkanopodibnymy hills.

 

Reykjavik is located opposite the Mountain Ash, the tops of which almost covered with snow all year round.

 

Translated from the Icelandic Reykjavik means "bay Dimna." Such a city in the year 874 gave its founder Inholfur Arnarsson (Inholfr Eynerson). When a traveler, explorer Eynerson sailed from the coast of Northern Norway in 874, he thought it was according to God's calling was elected the first discoverer of that poor, barren and uninhabited land. In fact, he threw two carved, wooden deck on the water and vowed that will travel anywhere as long as they do not reach the shore.

 

This is founded Reykjavik. In those days the water has washed much of the island near the center of the country and corners of streets and Adalstreyti Suzurhata - those places where once (as historians agree) was founded Eynersonove economy.
The heart of Reykjavik - the space between the pond Tyornin (Tjornin) and the bay. On this site are the parliamentary square, pedestrian street Oysturstrayti (Austurstraeti) with numerous souvenir shops and the oldest street in Adalstrayti (Adalstraeti), which is an information center for tourists.

Map of Stockholm

Map of Stockholm

 

Stockholm - the capital and largest city of Sweden. Located on the eastern shore of Lake Mälaren. Population of 810,120 inhabitants (2009).

 

 In Stockholm there are principal residence Swedish king, the international airport Arlanda, sit Swedish government and Riksdag.

 

In the thirteenth century, Stockholm is a major economic center of the country. In the suburbs of Stockholm live 1,252,020 people (as of 2005) - is the most populated area of ​​Sweden as a whole. At the same time, the Stockholm metropolitan area population is 1,949,516 people.

 

Stockholm - famous museum center of Europe. In total there are about 70 museums, annually visited by 9,000,000 people.

 

Most modern museum is the National Museum of Sweden, which has a huge collection of art: 16,000 paintings and 30,000 handmade.

This collection originates from the time of Gustav Vasa XVI century and enriched by the works of world famous artists, such as Rembrandt, and Antoine Watteau. These work in conjunction with the work of Swedish artists have made the lion's share of Swedish cultural heritage. The museum presents the works of Alexander Roslin, Anders Zorn, Johan Sergelyakh, Carl Larsson, Carl Fredrik Hill and Ernst Yuzefsona.

 

Museum of Modern Art has one of the best collections of art of XX century in Europe. Here are the works of authors such as Picasso and Salvador Dali.
Other notable museums:
Skansen - the oldest ethnographic museum of antiquities and folk architecture in Europe. Founded in 1891
Vasa Museum - the museum's flagship military wooden boat of Sweden 17., Which sank and was raised from the seabed.
Military Museum
Museum of National Antiquities
North Museum (Museum of the Nordic countries) - exhibits historical antiquities of Sweden and Scandinavia from the 17th century. to the present.
National Museum of Natural History
Stockholm City Museum
Museum of the Middle Ages - is situated on the island Helheandsholmen.
Livrustkammaren - or the Royal Treasury, the oldest museum in Stockholm. Maintains and exhibits artifacts related to the monarchy and the army in Sweden. Located in the Royal Palace, the proportion of items owned and used by the royal court of the ceremonial.
Yunibakken - Museum of characters in fairy tales, mostly created by writers Sweden.
Museum of Alfred Nobel - the inventor of explosives and museum founders of the award.
Museum of Architecture.
Maritime Museum of History
Jewish Museum.
Museum of Prince Eugene "Valdemarsudde" on Djurgården - Art Gallery.
Technical Museum
Museum of East Asian
Postal Museum